Biochemistry (As a Speciality only)
Biochemistry, also is called as biological chemistry.
It is the study of chemical processes those occur within and related to living organisms. This is a combined discipline of chemistry and biology. Further, the biochemistry is divided into three main fields: Structural biology, Enzymology, and Metabolism. It successfully explains living processes through these three disciplines. Almost all areas of the life sciences are being uncovered and developed through biochemical methodology and research.
It focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to carryout various processes within living cells. This leads easy understanding of response & functions of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function.
Biochemistry deals or connected to molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, bonding, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. They provide the architecture & structure to cells and perform many of the functions associated with their life. In addition, the cell also depends upon small molecules and ions. These can be inorganic (for example, water and metal ions) or organic (for example, the amino acids, which are used to synthesize proteins).
The mechanisms used by cells to harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry usually applied in medicine, nutrition and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of diseases. Nutrition studies how to maintain health and wellness and also the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, with the goal of improving crop cultivation, crop storage, and pest control. In recent decades, biochemical principles and methods have been combined with problem-solving approaches from engineering to manipulate living systems, in order to produce useful tools for research, industrial processes, and diagnosis and control of disease which has led to a separate discipline called as Biotechnology.
Molecular Biology
Molecular biology is a derivative of the Biochemistry that enables to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. Molecular biology was first described as an approach focused on the underpinnings of biological phenomena—uncovering the structures of biological molecules as well as their interactions, and how these interactions explain observations of classical biology. The term molecular biology generally referred to DNA structure, consequently to its function & methodologies. This led to the discovery of DNA material as foot print of hereditary in microorganisms, plants, animals and humans.
The field of molecular biology includes techniques which enable scientists to learn about molecular processes. These techniques are being used to efficiently target new drugs, diagnose disease, and better understand cell physiology. Some clinical research and medical therapies arising from molecular biology are covered under gene & molecular therapy whereas the use of molecular biology or molecular cell biology in medicine is now referred to as molecular medicine.
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or diseases, and promoting good health.
Biomedical sciences, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation. All help this discipline grow & workable
In recent centuries, since the advent of modern science, most medicine has become a combination of art and science (both basic and applied, under the umbrella of medical science). For example, while stitching technique for sutures is an art learned through practice, knowledge of what happens at the cellular and molecular level in the tissues being stitched arises through science.
Topics /Lesson Coverage – BIOCHEMISTRY
1 Life forms and Their Origins
2 Nucleic Acids
3 Proteins
4 Simple Chromosomes
5 Chromosomes of Eukaryotes
6 Genome Content
7 RNA Synthesis 1: Transcription
8 RNA Synthesis 2: Processing
9 Abundance of RNAs in Bacteria
10 Abundance of RNAs Eukaryotes
11 Protein Synthesis
12 DNA Replication
13 Chromosome Replication
14 Molecular Events of Recombination
15 Micro-mutations
16 Repair of Altered DNA
17 Reproduction of Bacteria
18 Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacteria
19 Cell Cycles of Eukaryotes
20 Meiosis
21 Chromosomal Abnormalities
22 Life Cycle of Eukaryotes
23 Reproduction of Viruses
24 Genetic Processes in Development
25 Sex Determination and Dosage Compensation
26 Cancer
27 Cutting, Sorting, and Copying DNA
28 Genotyping by DNA Analysis
29 Genetically Engineered Organisms
30 Genomics
31 Behavior of Genes and Alleles
32 Probability and Statistics Toolkit
33 Genes, Environment and Interactions
34 Locating Genes
35 Finding and Detecting Mutations
36 Cytoplasmic Inheritance
37 Genetic Variation in Populations
38 Mutation, Migration, and Genetic Drift
39 Natural Selection
40 Quantitative Genetics
41 Speciation
42 Molecular Evolution and Phylogeny
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